Some eels use electricity to navigate.

Eel underwater facing the camera
Credit: Danny Ye/stock.adobe.com

Electric eels have poor eyesight, which is far from ideal in the murky waters they tend to inhabit — but that doesn’t mean they struggle to find their way around. These eels are capable of discharging electrical impulses into the surrounding water using specialized muscle cells called electrocytes. The resulting pulse is used for defense, hunting, and navigation. 

When an object or another creature disturbs the field, electroreceptors in the eel’s skin detect the distortion, revealing its size, distance, shape, and even conductivity. This active electrolocation is perfectly suited for navigating dark or murky water where eyesight alone offers little advantage. Electric eels can switch to high-voltage bursts for hunting or defense, but the gentler continuous or pulsed signals serve mainly for navigation, locating hidden prey, and even communicating with other eels.